Basic English Sentence Structures: Parts of speech
Sentences are formed from words that belong to different categories depending on their function. The word "fire", for example, can be a noun or a verb depending on its usage.
Noun: "The fire burned the building."
Verb: "Fire the gun."
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- ADJECTIVE -
modifies a noun.
Examples: yellow, pretty, useful
Adjectives have three degrees: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative.
Example: old, older, oldest - ARTICLE -
specifies whether the noun is specific or a member of a class. The
definite article "the" refers to specific objects. The indefinite
articles "a", and "an" refer to an unspecified member
of a class. The article "a" is used before a word starting with
a consonant sound and "an" is used before a word starting with a
vowel sound.
Examples: a, an, the - ADVERB -
modifies a verb or an adjective. Many adverbs have the suffix -ly.
Examples: very, extremely, carefully - CONJUNCTION -
joins components of a sentence or phrase. Coordinating conjunctions
join clauses which are equally important. A subordinating conjunction
joins a dependent clause to a main clause. Some conjunctions occur in
pairs, e.g., neither ... nor, either ... or.
Examples: and, but, or - INTERJECTION - is
used for exclamations.
Examples: Oh!, Aha! - NOUN -
names an object or action. Common nouns refer to ordinary things. Proper
nouns are usually capitalized and refer to persons, specific things or
specific places.
Examples: mouse, fire, Michael - PREPOSITION -
indicates relationship or relative position of objects.
Examples: in, about, toward - PRONOUN - is
used in place of a noun. Personal pronouns are used to refer to
persons. Interrogative pronouns introduce questions. Demonstrative
pronouns refer to a previously mentioned object or objects. Relative
pronouns introduce clauses.
Examples: he, this - VERB -
specifies an action or links the subject to a complement. The tense of a
verb indicates the time when the action happened, e.g., past, present, of
future.
Examples: take, is, go, fire
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